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First, exports are dominated by general trade methods. In the first quarter of this year, Guangdong Province exported 750 million U.S. dollars of agricultural products by general trade, which was an increase of 16.4%, accounting for 81.5% of the total value of agricultural exports of Guangdong in the same period.
Second, Hong Kong, the United States, and ASEAN are the top three export markets, and their exports to Japan have dropped significantly. In the first quarter of this year, Guangdong's agricultural products were exported to more than 140 countries and regions, among which exports to Hong Kong, the United States, and ASEAN were 380 million U.S. dollars, 130 million U.S. dollars, and 97.02 million U.S. dollars, respectively, which grew by 14.6%, 26.2%, and 24.4%, respectively. The export of the above three markets accounted for 65.2% of the total value of exports during the same period. In addition, it exported 90.49 million U.S. dollars to Japan, a decrease of 25.9%.
3. Foreign-invested enterprises and private enterprises are the main force for exports, and exports of state-owned enterprises have dropped slightly. In the first quarter of this year, foreign-invested enterprises in Guangdong exported 440 million U.S. dollars of agricultural products, an increase of 8.6%; private enterprises exported 310 million U.S. dollars, an increase of 34.5%, which together accounted for 81.5% of the total value of exports during the same period. In addition, state-owned enterprises exported 140 million U.S. dollars, a decrease of 16.4%.
Fourth, exports of vegetables, grains and cereal flours have grown rapidly, and exports of aquatic products have continued to decline. In the first quarter of this year, Guangdong Province exported 66.67 million U.S. dollars and 11.85 million U.S. dollars of vegetables, cereals, and grain flours, an increase of 16.2% and 31.9%; and 36.79 million U.S. dollars of water and seafood exports, a drop of 35%. This is a product of water and marine products since June last year. Exports fell for the tenth consecutive month.
At present, China has entered the "post-transition period" of accession to the WTO, and the international competition pressure on agriculture has increased. At the same time, there are still many problems in the export of agricultural products in China, which are mainly manifested in:
1. Strict foreign technical barriers have long hindered the export of agricultural products in China. In recent years, the developed countries have continuously improved the technical standards for imported agricultural products. The content has involved various fields such as ecological environment, animal welfare, and intellectual property rights. For example, Japan and the European Union have successively amended the Food Safety and Sanitation Law; Europe and the United States and other developed countries have put forward requirements for quality traceability of agricultural products and foods, which has raised the threshold for the export of agricultural products in China. In particular, the “positive list system†implemented in Japan on May 29, 2006, incorporated all agricultural chemical residues used in imported agricultural products into near-rigorous technical standards. According to the statistics of the Ministry of Commerce, in 2006, the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan found that the number of returned products of Chinese products in imported products that violated Japan’s “Food Sanitation Law†and eventually took abandonment or return processing increased from 343 batches in 2005 to 476 batches. The year-on-year increase of 39% has had a major impact on China’s export of advantageous agricultural products. At the same time, due to the increase in testing items, export costs have risen sharply, and a large number of SMEs have reduced their exports because they cannot afford the related expenses. In addition, due to the fact that Japanese small and medium customers use Chinese production plants as distribution centers, many of the products are shipped in a conglomerate manner, and now the cost of customs clearance for LCL’s cargo inspections has also increased significantly. As a result, our country’s agricultural production plants have lost their price competitive advantage. Some Japanese orders have shifted to Southeast Asia.
Second, the quality and safety management of export agricultural products still needs to be strengthened. In recent years, the quality and safety level of China's export agricultural products has been increasing year by year, and the quality awareness of enterprises has been continuously enhanced. Most agricultural product export enterprises have their own production bases, have achieved standardized production, and have gradually established a scientific and effective quality monitoring system. Increased corporate quality and safety awareness. However, due to the extensive agricultural production mode, the level of quality and safety still needs to be improved, and quality health issues are still an important factor restricting the expansion of agricultural exports.
Third, the degree of processing of agricultural products is low, technological innovation capability is weak, and brand products are lacking. At present, the development level of China's agricultural product processing industry is relatively backward, and primary products account for more than 60% of export agricultural products. The product quality and processing level are low, and the new varieties have weak R&D and technological innovation capabilities, which is not conducive to the export enterprises' cultivation of core competitiveness, and it is easy to trigger anti-dumping or safeguard measures for foreign agricultural products. This is evident from the series of anti-dumping measures that have been taken on honey, crayfish, garlic, concentrated apple juice, and canned mushrooms.
Fourth, the development of agricultural product industry organizations lags behind, lack of import and export monitoring and early warning system. Most agricultural products in China are still dominated by the production and operation of farm households, presenting a pattern of “small-scale, large-scale, small-scale production, and large-scale marketsâ€. There are few export-leading enterprises, and the general enterprises are small in size, weak in strength, and low in organization, and are resistant to exports. Market risk and ability to break through technical barriers are not strong. At the same time, there is a lack of information collection, processing, and analysis capabilities, and no authoritative monitoring and early warning mechanisms have been established.
Suggestions for this: First, to further improve and strengthen the inspection, inspection, and safety monitoring systems for export agricultural products, improve and improve the testing methods and technology levels, strengthen the control over the export processing links of agricultural products, and increase the competitiveness of export agricultural products; second, the state should comply with Under the premise of the WTO rules, the structure of subsidies will be adjusted, and the export of agricultural products will be supported by policies such as taxation and tax rebates. Third, the structure of export commodities will be optimized, and enterprises will be encouraged to develop the export of deep-processed agricultural products and increase the added value of agricultural products. Support and guide leading agricultural products export enterprises to develop foreign intellectual property products and implement brand strategy by introducing advanced foreign technologies and fine varieties and domestic independent research and development. Fourth, establish authoritative agricultural product trade information release systems and sensitive commodity export early warning systems. Strengthen the statistical analysis of export agricultural products, track and monitor the dynamics of key export markets, conduct research on foreign agricultural product markets, and strengthen inter-sector collaboration to achieve information sharing; Fifth, strengthen the organization of agricultural export industry, implement self-management, self-service and Self-monitoring, standardizing the export order of agricultural products, and actively responding to international trade disputes.
Four major problems restrict the sustainable development of China's agricultural exports
According to customs statistics, in the first quarter of this year, the total agricultural product export value of Guangdong Province was 920 million U.S. dollars, an increase of 12.9% over the same period of last year. The main features are as follows: