Spray drying of thick paste in alcohol process

1, spray drying principle
Centrifugal spray drying is a convection heating drying method, also known as air heating drying method. Centrifugal spray dryer is a gas-liquid two-phase co-current drying equipment. The material to be dried is sent to the high-speed centrifugal atomizer in the middle of the drying tower by a feed pump. The centrifugal force generated by the high-speed rotation atomizes the liquid into 10um. ~ 200um droplets, droplets per cubic meter of solution has a surface area of ​​100m2 ~ 600m2, in order to facilitate the purpose of rapid drying. The air passes through the filter and the heater and enters the air distributor at the top of the dryer. The hot air spirally enters into the dryer. The droplets are in contact with the hot air in the drying tower in parallel, fully mixed, rapidly heat exchanged, and the moisture rapidly evaporates in tens of seconds and dried into powdery products.
2, centrifugal spray drying performance characteristics
2.1, can achieve continuous, automated production, the production process is simple, the process is short, easy to operate.
2.2. For liquids with a moisture content of 40%-70% (up to 90% of special materials), the liquid can be dried once into a powder product. After drying, no crushing and screening are required, thus reducing production processes and increasing product purity. For product size, looseness, moisture content and other indicators, within a certain range can be adjusted by changing the process conditions, control and operation are very convenient.
2.3. A special wall continuous blowing device is installed in the dryer. At the same time, the vertebral body is equipped with a pneumatic impactor to avoid the sticking phenomenon; the top hot air is properly distributed, eliminating the phenomenon of material suction.
2.4, spray drying speed, generally only 20 seconds to 30 seconds, with the characteristics of instantaneous drying, the material within a short time to complete the drying process, no overheating occurs, especially suitable for heat-sensitive material drying, can maintain the original color of the material, Fragrance, flavor and other characteristics; product dispersion, fluidity, good solubility.
2.5. The whole process of spray drying is carried out under closed conditions to reduce the flying of materials and prevent the contamination of impurities, which is beneficial to the workshop environment, and at the same time, improves the product quality and yield.
2.6 The disadvantages of spray drying are: low heat utilization efficiency (about 40% or less), usually about 2kg to 3kg of heating steam per 1kg of evaporated water; drying equipment is bulky, covers a large area, and equipment investment costs are large.
3, spray drying energy analysis
The air at 20°C is heated in two stages. The first stage uses 160°C saturated steam as the heat source, and the air is heated from 20°C to 140°C. The second stage uses electricity as the heat source, and the air is heated from 140°C to 190°C. It can be seen that the hot air system occupies 71% of the steam heat source and the electricity provides 29% of the heat source. Dryer inlet air temperature 190 °C, exhaust temperature 90 °C, the average temperature inside the dryer 140 °C. The latent heat of vaporization of water at 140°C is 2137.5 KJ/Kg, the saturation steam heat of 160°C is H1=2763 KJ/Kg, and the steam condensation water temperature of 100°C is enthalpy H2=418 KJ/Kg. After analysis and calculation, 1 ton of thick stock containing 65% of water was dried to a semi-dry powder with 20% of water content. It consumed 1.065 tons of saturated steam at 160°C and consumed 383 KWh. If evaporating water is used, evaporating one ton of water consumes 1.893 tons of steam and consumes 681 kWh.
4, the main factors affecting thermal efficiency
In the spray drying process, the main factor affecting the thermal efficiency is the temperature of the air entering and exiting the dryer. The thermal efficiency of the dryer is closely related to the inlet and outlet air temperatures of the dryer. Choosing a reasonable inlet and outlet air temperature of the dryer is very important for improving the thermal efficiency of the dryer.
5, process flow
The thick slurry from the evaporating section of the supernatant is transported to the feed preheater by the Monopol pump, heated to a temperature of 90°C to 100°C with steam, and then filtered into the spray drying tower. The high-speed atomizer in the tower will concentrate The slurry is atomized into tiny droplets; the filtered clean air is blown with a blower and the air is heated through a steam heater and an electric heater in two stages. The temperature reaches 190°C. After passing through the tower top air distributor, the hot air is presented. The spiral shape uniformly enters into the drying, and the droplets are in contact with the hot air in the drying tower in parallel, and are fully mixed. The moisture rapidly evaporates in tens of seconds, and the thick slurry is dried to become a powdery product. The product with larger particle size is discharged through the bottom unloader. Fine powder with air enters the cyclone separator to obtain fine powder products. The tail wind enters the pulse dust collector to recover dust and is exhausted by the induced draft fan.
Thick slurry spray drying process, the main process parameters: dryer feed temperature 95 °C ~ 100 °C, concentration 30% ~ 35%, 15% to 20% of the water discharge, air inlet temperature 190 °C ~ 195 °C, air outlet temperature 85°C~90°C.
6. Matters requiring attention
According to the characteristics of corn alcohol thick slurry, combined with DDGS feed drying process equipment, the following points need attention:
6.1 In order to prevent the thick slurry from hanging in the wall of the spray dryer, a dry continuous wall cleaning system must be installed. The hot air must be used for the purge to ensure the temperature inside the dryer.
6.2. The heat efficiency of the partition wall heat exchanger is higher than that of the spray dryer. Before the thick slurry enters the dryer, it must be preheated, which can save the heat source and accelerate the drying speed.
6.3. Spray drying is an air convection heating method with a thermal efficiency of about 30% to 40% and a surface contact dryer thermal efficiency of about 80%. Therefore, in order to save the heat source, the thick slurry can be dried to 15% to 20% water, and the remaining moisture can be dried in a surface contact dryer. As long as the thick slurry is not stuck in the spray dryer and has good looseness, it can be transported.
6.4. Increasing the inlet air temperature of the dryer and lowering the exhaust air temperature of the dryer is an effective method to improve the thermal efficiency of spray drying. With a certain amount of evaporated water, the higher the inlet air temperature of the drier, the lower the required air flow, and the less heat the tailwind takes away.
6.5 Before the thick slurry enters the atomizer, a filter should be installed to prevent the debris in the thick slurry or larger particles from causing the atomizer to clog and affect the normal production.

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Machine's parameters:


Number

Discription

Parameter 

1

X,Y,Z Working Area

600x900x100mm

2

Table Size

720X1140mm

3

X,Y,Z Traveling Positioning Accuracy

±0.01/300mm

4

X,Y,Z repositioning Positioning Accuracy

±0.01mm

5

Table Surface  

T-slot table

6

Frame

Steel structure

7

X, Z Structure

Ball Screw

8

Y Structure

PMT Rail Linear Bearings and Ball Screw

9

Max. power Consumption 

0.8Kw(without spindle)

10

Max.Rapid Travel Rate

8000mm/min

11

Max.Working Speed

5000mm/min

12

Spindle Power Motor

1.5KW water cooling spindle

13

Spindle Speed

0-18000RPM

14

Drive Motors

Stepper system 

15

Working Voltage 

AC220V/50/60Hz 

16

Command Language

G code

17

Operating System

Nc-studio System (Mach3/DSPSoftware)

18

Interface

USB

19

Flash Memory

128M(U Disk)

20

Collet

ER11

21

X,Y Resolution

 <0.01mm

22

Software Compatability

Artcam software, JDPaint software, (Option: Ucancam/Type3 software)


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