The first step towards photon quantum networks: Nanostructures revolutionize light quantum networks

This is a schematic of a photon gun. Quantum dots (yellow symbols) each emit one photon (red wave packet). The quantum dot is embedded in a photonic crystal structure that is obtained by etching holes (black circles in the figure) in the semiconductor material. Because of these holes, photons can not be emitted in all directions, but only along the waveguide formed by omission of some holes.

Advanced nanostructures are revolutionizing the quantum technology of light-based quantum networks. Researchers at the Nielpol Institute have developed the first basic unit needed to build a complex quantum photon loop in a quantum network. This rapid development of quantum networks is highlighted in an article in the scientific journal Nature.

Light (photon) -based quantum technology is called quantum photonics, and electronics is based on electronics. Photons (light particles) and electrons behave quite differently at the quantum level. Quantum entities are the smallest units in the microscopic world. For example, photons are an essential part of light and electrons are an essential part of current. Electrons are the so-called fermions that can be easily separated to conduct current electronically one at a time. On the contrary, photons are bosons, which like to squeeze together. But because the information of photon-based quantum communication is encoded within a single photon, it is necessary to transmit and transmit them one at a time.

Increase the information capacity

Photon-based information has great advantages; photons interact with the environment very weakly - unlike electrons, photons do not lose much energy on the road and can therefore be transmitted over long distances. As a result, photons are well suited to carry and distribute information, and photon-based quantum networks will be able to encrypt more information than existing computer technologies and will not be intercepted en route.

Numerous research groups in the world are conducting extensive research in this area of ​​research, which is now booming. In fact, the first commercial quantum photonics products are in production.

Control photons

A prerequisite for a quantum network is the ability to generate single-photon currents on demand, and researchers at the Nilesboro Institute succeeded in this.

"We have developed a photonic chip that acts like a photon gun, which consists of a very small crystal that is only 10 microns wide and 160 nanometers thick, and is embedded in the middle of the chip as a light source, which Is the so-called quantum dots.

Illuminating a quantum dot with a laser will excite an electron, which can then jump from one track to another, emitting one photon at a time. Photons are usually emitted in all directions, but the purpose of the photonic chip is to make all the photons travel through a photonic waveguide, "explains Peter Lodahl, of the group of quantum photonics at the Nilespoort Institute in Copenhagen long.

After a long and painstaking process, the team further developed and tested the photonic chip until it reached its ultimate efficiency, Peter Lodahl explained, making them particularly surprised that they could even get a solution that had not been possible before Photon emission mode. Under normal circumstances, photons in the photonic waveguide will be transmitted in two directions, but in their customization of the photonic chip, they can break this symmetry, and the quantum dots to distinguish the left and right emit photons, This means that directional photons can be emitted. This means total control of photons and researchers are beginning to explore how to build a complete quantum network system based on this new discovery.

"These photons can travel long distances over fiber optics, and they can travel through the fiber with almost no loss." You might be able to set up a network in which photons connect small quantum systems together so that these small sub-systems Connected together to form a quantum network - the quantum Internet, "explains Peter Lodahl.

He added that although the first basic function has been achieved, the biggest challenge now is to extend it to large, complex quantum networks.

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