The National Development and Reform Commission Decodes the Catalogue of Structural Adjustments for Equipment Manufacturing

The equipment manufacturing industry is a strategic industry that provides technical equipment for various industries in the national economy. It has high industrial correlation, strong ability to absorb employment, and intensive technology funds. It is an important guarantee for industrial upgrading and technological advancement in various industries and a concentrated expression of national comprehensive strength.

After many years of development, China's equipment manufacturing industry has formed an industrial system with complete categories, large scale, and a certain level of technology, and has become an important pillar industry of the national economy. Since the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan”, under the guidance of the “State Council’s Several Opinions on Accelerating the Rejuvenation of Equipment Manufacturing Industry” (Gufa [2006] No. 8), the development of China’s equipment manufacturing industry has accelerated significantly, and the level of major technological equipment autonomy has increased significantly. The international competitiveness has been further enhanced, and the technological level and market share of some products have leapt to the top of the world. Mainly reflected in the following aspects:

(1) The size of the machinery industry has leapt to the top of the world. During the "11th Five-Year Plan" period, the scale of the machinery industry continued to grow rapidly. In 2010, the industry-wide industrial added value (China Federation of Machinery Industry statistics and data, the same below) accounted for more than 9% of the national GDP; industrial output value increased from 4 trillion yuan in 2005 to 14 trillion yuan in 2010 The average annual growth rate exceeds 25%; the proportion of the country's total industrial output value has increased from 16.6% to 20.3%; the number of above-scale enterprises has reached more than 100,000, an increase of nearly 50,000 from the end of the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan”; employees have reached 17.52 million people; total assets have reached 10.4 trillion yuan, which has more than doubled since the 10th Five-Year Plan. In 2009, China's machinery industry achieved sales of 1.5 trillion US dollars, more than Japan’s 1.2 trillion US dollars and the United States’ one trillion US dollars, ranking first in the world and becoming the world's largest machinery manufacturing country.

(b) The equipment support capability has been significantly enhanced. Since the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, under the impetus of high-speed growth, China's major technological equipment has made remarkable achievements in its autonomy, and the level of its mechanical products has made considerable progress. Power generation equipment has been able to basically meet domestic demand, and the technological level and product output have entered the world's forefront. The combined autonomy rate of 1000KV UHV AC transmission and transformation equipment and ±800KV DC transmission complete equipment reaches over 90% and 60% respectively, and China has become the world’s first UHV power transmission and transformation equipment to be put into industrial operation. 10 million tons of iron and steel enterprises in the conventional process complete sets of equipment, 20 million tons of open-pit mine complete sets of equipment, daily production of 4000-10000 tons of clinker dry process cement complete sets of equipment can provide. The 300,000-ton/year ammonia synthesis equipment was autonomized, and the key “three machines” such as cracking gas compressors, propylene compressors and ethylene compressors for the million-ton ethylene plant were successfully developed. Domestic agricultural machinery has basically satisfied domestic agricultural needs. The self-sufficient rate of numerical control systems and functional components for CNC machine tools has reached 60%, and the reliability of the independently developed CNC systems has reached 20,000 hours on average. The domestic market rate of high- and medium-pressure rotors for 600,000 kilowatt thermal power generators has increased to 60%. The rotors of ultra-supercritical thermal power units have achieved mass production, and breakthroughs have been made in the technical breakthroughs for key forgings of millions of kilowatts of third-generation nuclear power plants. During the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan” period, the domestic market share of mechanical products was further increased from 80% in 2005 to over 85% in 2010, and the ability to guarantee the protection of various industries in the national economy was significantly enhanced.

(III) Important progress has been made in structural adjustment. First, the capital structure tends to be diversified, and the internal life force of the development of the industry continues to increase. Large state-owned enterprises continue to play a leading role in the development and production of major technical equipment; the private economy has become an important force for the development of the machinery industry, and its contribution to the growth of the machinery industry exceeds 50%, which has impacted and impacted the machinery industry in response to the international financial crisis. To achieve steady and rapid development has made important contributions. Second, the concentration of industries in major industries continues to increase. The output of power generation equipment of Harbin Electric, Dongfang Electric and Shanghai Electric Group accounted for 69% of the total; the output of Huarui, Goldwind, and Dongqi wind power equipment accounted for 70% of the total industry; XCMG, Zoomlion, and Sany Heavy Industry. Engineering machinery enterprises such as Liugong, Longgong and Shantui have occupied half of the total market sales of the entire industry. Third, technological innovation achievements have become a strong driving force for the continued development of the industry. The output value of new products in the machinery industry has maintained double-digit growth for five consecutive years. In 2010, the output value of new products exceeded RMB 2 trillion, accounting for approximately 40% of the total value of new industrial products in the country. Large-scale technological equipment has grown towards large-scale and high-parameter development. The efficiency of some products has approached the advanced level in the world, and the efficiency of general-purpose electromechanical products with a wide range of products has also greatly improved. Fourth, the rapid growth of investment in fixed assets. During the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan” period, the machinery industry completed a total investment of 5.7 trillion yuan in fixed assets, with an average annual growth rate of 38%. The industry-wide level of equipment and production conditions have been greatly improved. The new coefficient of the industry's fixed assets has increased from 61% at the end of the “Tenth Five-Year Plan” period to 64% in 2009. The equipment level of a number of industry leaders has reached or approached the world level. The advanced level of the industry.

(d) The international competitiveness has significantly increased. The scale of foreign trade in mechanical products continued to expand, the structure was constantly optimized, and the competitiveness of mechanical products in the international market continued to increase. During the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, China's machinery industry achieved a trade surplus for five consecutive years. In 2006, the history of the machinery industry reversed the trade deficit for the first time, achieving a trade surplus of 700 million U.S. dollars. In 2008, the trade surplus reached 47.7 billion U.S. dollars, reaching the highest level in history. The foreign trade structure has been continuously optimized. The proportion of general trade in total foreign trade has increased from 46% in 2005 to 58% in 2010, and the proportion of processing trade has decreased from 49% in 2005 to 31% in 2010. Export product structure is further optimized. While export products maintain cost advantages, the level of technology and brand awareness continue to increase. In the fields of conventional power generation equipment, power transmission and transformation equipment, port loading and unloading machinery, and cement complete sets of equipment, China has taken the lead in the world. The international competitiveness of high-tech products such as construction machinery and numerical control machine tools has been significantly enhanced, and exports have grown rapidly. For example, the export volume of power generation equipment has accounted for nearly 15% of the total output.

(5) The quality of development has been significantly improved. During the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan” period, the comprehensive energy consumption of the industrial added value of the machinery industry was greatly reduced year by year, from 0.65 tons of standard coal in 2005 to 0.425 tons of standard coal in 2009, a decrease of 34.6%, significantly exceeding the 11th Five-Year Plan. The proposed unit’s energy consumption per unit of GDP was reduced by 20%; the material utilization rate was significantly increased, and the steel consumption of the medium-and-large-sized enterprises’ industrial added value per million fell from 0.47 tons to 0.38 tons, a decrease of 18.2%. During the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan” period, the informationization process of the machinery industry accelerated. The backbone enterprises have used 3D design, and the coverage rate of CAE, CAPP, and PDM has exceeded half; the financial management informationization rate has reached over 90%; cost management, procurement management, sales management, inventory management, human resources management, and master production planning Such information applications have achieved remarkable results. Products began to develop in the direction of digitization, automation, and intelligence.

Second, the existing problems China has become a large equipment manufacturing industry, but the industry is not strong, weak ability to independently innovate, backwardness in basic manufacturing, repeated construction and overcapacity and other issues are still outstanding.

(I) The ability of independent innovation is weak. Insufficient power for independent innovation of enterprises provides major equipment for power, petrochemical, metallurgy, and railway industries, and the key technologies rely on the introduction. Insufficient investment in research and development of new products, new processes and new technologies, few original technological achievements, and fewer products with independent intellectual property rights. There is a lack of integration of production, learning, research, and application, lack of research and development of industrial common application technology, lack of public test and detection platforms, and low conversion rate of social scientific and technological achievements.

(b) The level of basic manufacturing lags behind. For a long time, for the complete machine and complete sets of equipment supporting bearings, hydraulic components, molds, gears, springs, powder metallurgy products, fasteners and other basic parts, pumps, valves, fans and other common parts, industrial automation and control systems, instruments Meters and other measurement and control components, quality and reliability are not high, incomplete specifications; special raw materials long-term dependence on imports; casting, forging, welding, heat treatment, surface treatment and other basic processes behind, a low degree of specialization. These problems have become the bottleneck restricting the development of equipment manufacturing.

(3) The contradiction between overcapacity in some industries is outstanding. In addition to the contradiction between overcapacity in traditional industries such as small and medium-sized ordinary machine tools manufacturing and cross-linking cable industry, in recent years, some localities have unilaterally pursued the pace of development and are keen to remain keen on new projects and stalls. Under the situation of investment in fixed assets such as high-grade-owned and other industries, investment priorities have shifted to equipment manufacturing industries, leading to overheated investment in some emerging industries, hidden overcapacity, and increased risk of excessive competition, such as wind power equipment, large shield machines, Large presses, etc. Failure to regulate it in time will not only make the company fall into difficulties in production and operation, but will also affect the pace of independent innovation and structural adjustment in the industry.

(4) The high-end equipment support capabilities cannot meet the needs. The contradiction between the low-end production capacity in the machinery industry and the severe shortage of high-end products is very prominent. In 2010, the import of mechanical products used up to more than 250 billion US dollars. In particular, as China accelerates the development of strategic emerging industries, it has put forward higher requirements for technical equipment support. At present, the autonomy of China's nuclear power equipment is still in its infancy. The contradiction between overcapacity of wind power generation equipment and insufficient capacity of key components coexists, and energy-saving and environmental protection equipment must also make great breakthroughs in product types, functions, quality, and scale. In emerging industries such as new materials, information, and new energy vehicles, there is also an urgent need for the protection and support of new types of equipment. In general, there is still a large gap between the need for fostering the development of strategic emerging industries in high-performance materials, precision manufacturing processes, advanced equipment, and core components.

III. Necessity of directory revision As an important comprehensive industrial policy, the "Guidance Catalogue for Industrial Structure Adjustment (2005)" (hereinafter referred to as "Catalogue (2005 Edition)") has not been in line with the current level of development of China's equipment manufacturing industry. Adaptation mainly manifests itself in the following aspects: First, a considerable number of technologies and products have been successfully developed and widely used; second, there are hidden risks of overcapacity in some industries; and third, some technologies, processes and products cannot meet the needs of resource conservation and environmental protection; The entries are broad and their boundaries are unclear.

With the rapid advancement of science and technology in various fields, the increasingly severe constraints on resources and environment, and the acceleration of the upgrading of industrial structures, especially the cultivation and development of emerging industries, the global demand structure is undergoing profound changes, and new and higher requirements have been put on the equipment manufacturing industry. . This provides an important historical opportunity for the structural adjustment of China's equipment manufacturing industry. At the same time, it also poses a severe challenge to China's growth model that has mainly relied on factor inputs over many years and relied mainly on quantity and scale.

According to the requirements of Document 40 of the State Council [2005], the revision of the Guiding Catalogue for Industrial Structure Adjustment is to comprehensively implement the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” outline, effectively change the mode of development, and adhere to the scientific development path driven by technological innovation and management innovation. Optimize the structure, improve the quality of varieties, enhance the supporting capabilities of industries, eliminate backward production capacity, develop advanced equipment manufacturing, focus on improving the level of R&D and system integration of basic technologies, basic materials, and basic components, and strengthen R&D and industrialization of major technological equipment, and promote Intelligentization of equipment products will promote the industry to become stronger. This is not only the inherent requirement for the transformation and upgrading of the equipment manufacturing industry itself, but also the basic guarantee and important support for the adjustment and revitalization of key industries, the cultivation and development of new industries, and even the technical progress of various industries and fields in the national economy.

IV. Amendments to the Catalogue In this revision, we have made relatively large adjustments to the mechanically-related items in the Catalogue (2005 edition). For example, the Catalogue (2005 edition) encourages category entry of mechanical categories, 52 original entries, 33 new additions, 27 revisions, 25 deletions, and 60 entries after amendments; There are 34 original entries. There are 25 new additions, 14 revisions, and 2 merger adjustments. After the revision, there are 57 entries. Elimination Category Entry In the mechanical category, there are 84 original entries (including backward production process equipment and outdated products). This time, there are 23 new entries, 3 revisions, 10 merger adjustments, and 6 deletions. There are 91 entries after revision. Compared with the Catalogue (2005 edition), the first is to refine the content of the entries. The content of the items has been refined to a greater degree, specific to the product, specifications and technical parameters, and clearly supports the development focus. The second is to improve technical requirements. For most of the encouraged category items, while refining product categories and specification parameters, the requirements for specification parameters have been greatly increased, and the requirements for specification parameters have also been increased for some restricted and eliminated categories. The third is to expand coverage. The revised items cover electricians, machine tools, instrumentation, general machinery, agricultural machinery, heavy machinery, petrochemical machinery, internal combustion engines, liquid gas tightness, molds, bearings, universal parts, plastics machinery, environmental protection machinery, printing machinery, food packaging Mechanical, engineering machinery, cultural office, refrigeration, urban rail transit, and various industries such as foundry and forging machinery industries have more comprehensive coverage.

5. The main contents of the “Guidance Catalogue for Industrial Structure Adjustment (2011 edition)” are aimed at targeting weak areas and focusing on improving basic manufacturing capabilities such as basic technology, basic materials, and basic components. After this revision, 11 categories of items related to basic technology, basic materials, and basic components in the categories of mechanical items were encouraged, accounting for 18% of all items, including key precision castings and forgings, high-efficiency and environmentally friendly casting and forging processes and equipment, and high grades. Hydraulic parts, seals and seals, gears, springs, fasteners, bearings, chains, etc.

The second is to highlight the key links and pay more attention to improving key equipment manufacturing capabilities and supporting capabilities of key components. In this revision, we will focus the development of most industries and fields on key equipment in complete sets of equipment, as well as key parts, components, systems, and assemblies for the complete machine, and further highlight development priorities to solve long-term problems. The key equipment and key components that have restricted the development of China's equipment manufacturing industry have depended on imports. For example, the "catalogue (2005)" encourages category entries "manufacture of 300,000 tons/year of synthetic ammonia equipment" to be refined into "three ethylene crackers, 400,000 tons (polypropylene, etc.) extrusion granulation. Units, Key Equipment such as 500,000-ton Syngas, Ammonia, Oxygen Compressors, etc.; The "Classification (2005 Edition)" encouraged the category entry "Machinery of large-scale oil and gas gathering and transportation equipment" to be modified to "diameter of 1,200 mm or more." Natural gas pipelines are equipped with key equipment such as compressors, gas turbines, valves, etc.; single-line 2.6 million tons/year natural gas liquefaction compressors, drive machinery, cryogenic equipment, etc.; large-scale pipelines supporting 3000 cubic meters per hour and above Oil pumps and other key equipment "etc.

The third is to strengthen protection support, speed up the development of key industries to adjust and revitalize the necessary equipment for emerging industries. Encourage category entries to revise and add key equipment required for the adjustment and revitalization of key industries such as automobiles and petrochemicals. For example, the "Catalogue (2005)" encouragement category entry "Manufacturing of synthetic ammonia equipment of 300,000 tons/year or more" The two items “Technology development and application of ethylene equipments of 600,000 tons/year and above” were merged and revised into “three ethylene cracking machines, 400,000 tons (polypropylene, etc.) extrusion granulation units, 500,000 tons of synthetic Gas, ammonia, oxygen compressors and other key equipment." In order to support the development of strategic emerging industries, the necessary equipment for new industries such as new energy (2142.68, +7.85, +0.37%), energy saving and environmental protection has been revised and added. For example, the "Catalogue (2005)" entry "Clean energy power equipment manufacturing (nuclear power, wind power, solar energy, tides, etc.)" was modified to "second-generation improved, third-generation nuclear power equipment and key components; 2.5 megawatts or more Wind power equipment and key components such as wind power equipment control system and converter of 2.0 MW or more; various types of crystalline silicon and thin-film solar photovoltaic cell production equipment; ocean energy (tide, wave, ocean current) power generation equipment; added; Air pollution control equipment, sewage treatment technology and equipment, solid waste prevention and control technology equipment, soil remediation technology and equipment, and other items, proposed to encourage the development of products and technical parameters requirements.

Fourth, pay more attention to "three rural issues" and support the development of advanced and applicable agricultural equipment. According to the principle of advanced, applicable, economical, and safe, on the basis of the “Catalogue (2005 edition)”, the items related to agricultural equipment were integrated and refined, and new technologies and products for agricultural equipment were added on a large scale. . After the amendment, 9 items of agricultural equipment were included in the category of mechanical items, which accounted for 15% of the total number of items. The contents included high-horse tractors and key spare parts of 100 horsepower or more, supporting agricultural machinery, crop transplanting machinery, and agricultural harvesting machinery. , Forage harvesting equipment, water-saving irrigation equipment, and biogas equipment.

The fifth is to adapt to changes in demand and vigorously develop equipment in emerging areas. In this catalogue revision, the “urban rail transit equipment” category has been added to the encouraged category, and the key systems, components and assemblies, and operation control technologies for urban rail transit equipment that are encouraged to be developed have been proposed. We will guide the healthy and orderly development of the urban rail transit equipment manufacturing industry and better meet the needs of the rapid development of urban rail transit in China. In the Encourage category, the first item of public safety and emergency rescue was added, and a new category of “Public Safety and Emergency Products” was added, covering a total of 43 items covering natural disasters, production safety, public safety, and emergencies. Monitoring, prevention and control of emergency and other technologies, products, and services, etc., to guide and encourage related fields to accelerate development. In addition, entries and contents of safe drinking water equipment, high-grade printing equipment, intelligent instrumentation, and automation control systems have also been added and mass-produced in the Encouraged Category Entry Machinery category.

Sixth, prevent overcapacity and resolutely curb the repeated construction of some industries. Implementing the spirit of Document No. 38 of Guofa (2009), resolutely restrained the repeated construction and overcapacity of some industries, and guided the healthy and orderly development of the industry. This revision will amend 14 of the original 34 items in the category of mechanical categories in the Catalogue (2005), restricting the scope of products and increasing the technical standards; 25 new items have been added. The vast majority of industries and products are overcapacity. For example, the “Complete Assembly Project for the New Full-face Tunnelling Machine” mainly considers that in recent years, the total assembly capacity of the full-face boring machine in China has grown rapidly, but most of them do not master the core technology, and the homogenous competition is prominent, which is not conducive to industrial technological progress and structure. Adjustment. Another example is the newly added item “Newly-built free-forging hydraulic press project of 10,000 tons or above”. The main consideration is that China has more than ten sets of free-forging hydraulic presses that have been built and under construction in China, which exceeds the sum of other countries in the world. The production capacity is already serious. excess.

Seventh, eliminate backward production capacity and speed up industrial transformation and upgrading. This revision will amend three of the original 84 items (including backward production equipment and backward products) of the obsolete category entry mechanical category, improve the elimination scope and standards, and increase the elimination; add entry 23 Article, mainly for the technical process and equipment that can not meet safety, energy saving, and environmental protection; deleted six items, are currently no production products.