Basic principles of filtration and filtration methods

Filtration is a method that makes solid-liquid separation more efficient. The essence is that the pressure difference is used to pass the slurry through a porous medium layer (spacer layer) which is permeable to water and does not penetrate solid particles. Therefore, the basic principle of filtration is to use a substance with many capillary pores (such as filter cloth, etc.) as a medium (called a filter medium), so that the liquid in the slurry passes through the capillary pores, while the solids in the slurry are granulated. Intercepted on the media. When filtering, the filtered suspension is usually referred to as a filter slurry, and the solid particles trapped on the filter medium are referred to as filter cakes or filter cakes. The liquid that permeates the filter cake and the filter medium is referred to as the filtrate, as shown in the following figure.

As can be seen from the above figure, the slurry should have a driving force to overcome the resistance of the filter cake and the resistance of the filter medium. The driving force of the filtration is the pressure difference between the filter cake and the filter medium. Therefore, depending on the driving force, the filtering methods can be roughly divided into the following categories:
(1) Gravity filtration means that the filtrate is discharged through the filter medium under its own gravity.
(2) Pressurization is to use a slurry pump or a vacuum compressor to apply pressure to the slurry, forcing the liquid to pass through the filter medium.
(3) Vacuum filtration The vacuum suction caused by the vacuum pump is used to cause the filtrate to be sucked through the filter medium.
(4) Centrifugal filtration uses centrifugal force to remove liquid from the slurry.
(5) Magnetic filtration combined with vacuum filtration is mainly used for filtration of magnetic products.

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